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Design of Experiments: Useful Orthogonal Arrays
for Number
of Experiments from 4 to 16
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By
Sorana D. Bolboaca and Lorentz Jantschi © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 4
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198-232 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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A methodology for the design of an experiment is proposed in order to find as
many schemes as possible with the maximum number of factors with different levels for the
smallest number of experimental runs. An algorithm was developed and homemade
software was implemented. The abilities in generation of the largest groups of orthogonal
arrays were analyzed for experimental runs of 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, and 16. The results
show that the proposed method permits the construction of the largest groups of orthogonal arrays with the maximum number of factors. |
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Keywords
Design of experiment, orthogonal arrays, Taguchi method.
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On Optimization of a Non-Endorreversible
Curzon-Ahlborn
Cycle
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By
Delfino Ladino-Luna © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 4
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186-197 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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A non-endoreversible Curzon and Ahlborn cycle is analyzed by introducing a
factor of non-endoreversibility. The form of power output and ecological function, and
the role of this factor is discussed. The Gutkowics-Krusin, Procaccia and Ross method to build a general expression for both the power output and the ecological function for this cycle is used. A numerical analysis of these expresions is made and the results are
compared with other kind of approaches found in the literature of finite time
thermodynamics... |
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Keywords
efficiency, finite time thermodynamics, non-endoreversible cycle
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Geometric Entropy of Self-Gravitating Systems
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By
Lorenzo Fatibene, Marco Ferraris, Mauro Francaviglia and Silvio Mercadante © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 4
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169-185 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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We shall review different approaches to the entropy of self-gravitating systems in
General Relativity. Then we shall discuss in detail the macroscopic approach based on `a la
Clausius point of view. Recent developments will be reviewed discussing the aims as well as
the assumptions which the framework is based on. |
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Keywords
Entropy, Self-Gravitating Systems, Black-Holes.
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A Simple Thermodynamic Analysis of Photosynthesis
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By
Erik Albarran-Zavala and Fernando Angulo-Brown © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 4
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152-168 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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In this paper we present a comparative study of nine photosynthetic pathways by
means of their thermodynamic performance. The comparison is made by using the thermal
efficiency of light-to-chemical energy conversion and the so-called ecological criterion arising from finite-time thermodynamics. The application of both criteria leads to photosynthesis made by metaphytes and non sulfur purple bacteria as those of best thermodynamic performance. In spite of the simplicity of our thermodynamic approach some insights over the low overall efficiency of photosynthesis is suggested... |
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Keywords
photosynthesis, thermodynamic performance, ecological function.
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Distillation of a Complex Mixture. Part II:
Performance Analysis of a Distillation Column
Using Exergy
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By
Douani Mustapha, Terkhi Sabria and Ouadjenia Fatima © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 3
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137-151 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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To analyze the performance of the separation process, we have introduced the
thermodynamic concept of exergy through the exergetic efficiency of the column. The
simulation results show that the exergetic output is relatively low and that the produced
irreversibility fluxes are distributed throughout the whole column in a non-uniform manner. They are particularly significant in the condenser, boiler and tray feed. The influence of the various operating parameters (temperature, concentration and irreversibility in both sections
of the column) is also established... |
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Keywords
High pressure distillation, complex mixture, exergetic efficiency, irreversibility,
pinch temperature.
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On the So-Called Gibbs Paradox, and on the Real
Paradox
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By
Arieh Ben-Naim © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 3
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132-136 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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Two versions of the so-called Gibbs paradox are discussed. Both of these are
shown to be non-paradoxes. It is also shown that there is a different real paradox that emerges from Gibbs writings. |
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Keywords
Gibbs Paradox
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On Darcy-Brinkman Equation: Viscous Flow Between
Two
Parallel Plates Packed with Regular Square Arrays
of Cylinders
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By
Haidong Liu, Prabhamani R. Patil and Uichiro Narusawa © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 3
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118-131 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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Effects of the bounding solid walls are examined numerically for slow flow over
regular, square arrays of circular cylinders between two parallel plates. A local magnitude of the rate of entropy generation is used effectively to determine the flow region affected by the presence of the solid boundary. Computed axial pressure gradients are compared to the corresponding solution based on the Darcy-Brinkman equation for porous media in which the effective viscosity appears as an additional property to be determined from the flow characteristics... |
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Keywords
entropy generation, porous media, Darcy-Brinkman equation, effective
viscosity.
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Entropy of Relativistic Mono-Atomic Gas and
Temperature
Relativistic Transformation in Thermodynamics
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By
Edward Bormashenko © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 3
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113-117 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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It is demonstrated that the entropy of the ideal mono-atomic gas comprising
identical spherical atoms is not conserved under the Planck-Einstein like relativistic
temperature transformation, as a result of the change in the number of atomic degrees of
freedom. This fact supports the idea that there is no universal relativistic temperature
transformation. |
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Keywords
relativistic temperature transformation, ideal gas, entropy, degrees of freedom.
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A Model of Time
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By
Andreas E. Schlatter © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 3
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108-112 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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Based on a mathematical model of quantum measurement we derive some proper-
ties of intuitive time. |
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Keywords
Quantum Entropy, Energy, Measurement, Time.
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Thermodynamics of Horizons from a Dual Quantum
System
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By
Sudipta Sarkar and T Padmanabhan © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 3
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100-107 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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It was shown recently that, in the case of Schwarschild black hole, one can obtain
the correct thermodynamic relations by studying a model quantum system and using a partic-ular duality transformation. We study this approach further for the case a general spherically symmetric horizon. We show that the idea works for a general case only if we de |
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Keywords
Thermodynamics; Dual Quantum System
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The Natural Philosophy of Work
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By
Stanley N. Salthe © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 2
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83-99 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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Work, by dissipative structures (DS), imposes delay on energy gradient degradation. It diverts energy flow into DS maintenance while enhancing energy degradation.
DS can be viewed as tradeoffs between enhancing entropy production maximization (the maximum entropy production principle, MEP) by way of convective gradient degradation, and the need to maintain DS form, which is what mediates the convective dissipation. This tradeoff frameworked the origin of living DS. In the Big Bang, the Universe departed increasingly from an ordered state of low entropy... |
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Keywords
Big Bang, convection, dissipation, energy efficiency, energy gradient
degradation, MEP, scale hierarchy, Second Law, work
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Entropy Characteristic on Harmonious Unifying
Hybrid
Preferential Networks
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By
Yong Li, Jin-Qing Fang, Qiao Bi and Qiang Liu © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 2
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73-82 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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Based on the harmonious unifying hybrid preferential model (HUHPM) network
proposed by our group, the entropy characteristic of an un-weighted HUHPM-BA network and a weighted HUHPM-BBV network are investigated as the total hybrid ratio d/r is changed. We derive and compute the general relation of the power exponent of the degree distribution with the entropy by using the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy (BGS) and the Tsallis non-extensive entropy (Sq). It is found that the BGS decreases as d/r increases and the current of the BGS along with hybrid ratio d/r or exponent |
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Keywords
Entropy, harmonious unifying hybrid preferential model, un-weighted network, weighted network
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Distillation of a Complex Mixture. Part I: High
Pressure
Distillation Column Analysis: Modeling and
Simulation
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By
Douani Mustapha, Ouadjenia Fatima and Terkhi Sabria © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 2
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58-72 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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In this analysis, based on the bubble point method, a physical model was
established clarifying the interactions (mass and heat) between the species present in the streams in circulation in the column. In order to identify the externally controlled operating parameters, the degree of freedom of the column was determined by using Gibbs phase rule. The mathematical model converted to Fortran code and based on the principles of: 1) Global and local mass conservation balance, 2) Enthalpy balance, and 3) Vapour-liquid equilibrium at each tray, was used to simulate the behavior of the column, concentration distributions,
temperature and streams for each phase along the column at high pressure in each tray... |
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Keywords
High pressure distillation, complex mixture, modeling, simulation, bubble point
method.
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Probability as a Physical Motive
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By
Peter Martin © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 2
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42-57 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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Recent theoretical progress in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, linking the
physical principle of Maximum Entropy Production ("MEP") to the information-theoretical "MaxEnt" principle of scientific inference, together with conjectures from theoretical physics that there may be no fundamental causal laws but only probabilities for physical processes, and from evolutionary theory that biological systems expand "the adjacent
possible" as rapidly as possible, all lend credence to the proposition that probability should be recognized as a fundamental physical motive... |
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Keywords
Entropy, probability, second law, physical law, spatial order, evolution.
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Second Law Analysis of a non-Newtonian Laminar
Falling
Liquid Film Along an Inclined Heated Plate
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By
Rama Subba Reddy Gorla and David M. Pratt © 2007. Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Entropy, Volume 9, Issue 1
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30-41 Page(s) |
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Abstract
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The second law analysis of heat transfer of a non-Newtonian, laminar falling
liquid film along an inclined heated plate is investigated. The upper surface of the liquid film is considered free and adiabatic. Velocity and temperature profiles are obtained analytically and used to compute the entropy generation number (Ns), irreversibility ratio (Ô) and the Bejan number (Be) for several values of the viscous dissipation parameter (Br |
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Keywords
Second law, Falling liquid film, heat transfer, Non-Newtonian fluids, Bejan
number.
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